PM Shehbaz Sharif's Address at UNGA Emphasizes Peace and Proactive Leadership in South Asia

Executive Summary

On September 26, 2025, Pakistan's Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif addressed the 80th session of the United Nations General Assembly in New York. He recounted the May 2025 four-day military escalation between India and Pakistan, highlighting Pakistan's response to what it termed unprovoked aggression from India. PM Shehbaz emphasized the need for proactive, not provocative, leadership in South Asia and reiterated Pakistan's commitment to peaceful dispute resolution through dialogue and diplomacy. He praised Pakistan's armed forces for their professionalism during the conflict and expressed gratitude to US President Donald Trump for brokering the ceasefire, nominating him for the Nobel Peace Prize. The Prime Minister also condemned Israel's actions in Gaza, calling for a ceasefire and supporting Palestinian statehood with pre-1967 borders and Jerusalem as its capital. He criticized Israel's recent attack on Qatar and called for the formation of a task force to counter Israeli expansionism. Additionally, PM Shehbaz condemned terrorism in all forms, stressed the importance of regional stability in Afghanistan, warned against Islamophobia and hate-driven ideologies, and called for urgent collective action on climate change, declaring a climate emergency in Pakistan.

Situation

The speech came amid heightened tensions in South Asia following the May 2025 military confrontation between India and Pakistan, triggered by India blaming Pakistan for a terrorist attack in Pahalgam without evidence. The conflict escalated with air strikes and missile exchanges, resulting in civilian casualties on both sides before a US-brokered ceasefire was achieved. PM Shehbaz's address underscored Pakistan's stance of strength and readiness for comprehensive dialogue with India. The speech also addressed the ongoing humanitarian crisis in Gaza, condemning Israel's military operations and calling for international action. The Prime Minister's remarks reflected Pakistan's broader foreign policy goals of peace, justice, and multilateral cooperation. His condemnation of terrorism and call for upholding human rights in Afghanistan highlighted regional security concerns. The speech was well-received by Pakistan's delegation, with slogans of support heard in the UNGA hall.

International Impact

PM Shehbaz's nomination of US President Donald Trump for the Nobel Peace Prize for his role in brokering the ceasefire signals Pakistan's appreciation for US engagement in South Asian peace efforts. The call for a Palestinian state and condemnation of Israeli actions align with broader Muslim world sentiments, potentially influencing international diplomatic stances. The emphasis on multilateralism and climate action resonates with global agendas. His speech contributes to ongoing international debates on regional security, counterterrorism, and humanitarian crises, urging global cooperation and accountability.

Decision Maker Perspectives

Pakistan Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif: Advocates for peaceful resolution of conflicts, proactive leadership in South Asia, condemnation of terrorism and Israel's actions in Gaza, and calls for multilateral cooperation on global issues.

US President Donald Trump: Acknowledged for brokering the ceasefire between India and Pakistan; engaged in Middle East peace efforts including Gaza ceasefire talks.

Source Perspectives

Dawn.com: Provides detailed coverage of PM Shehbaz's UNGA address, highlighting Pakistan's stance on regional conflicts and international diplomacy.

Pakistan-Saudi Arabia Strategic Mutual Defence Agreement Formalizes Long-Standing Military Relationship

Executive Summary

On September 17, 2025, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia signed a Strategic Mutual Defence Agreement in Riyadh, pledging mutual defense in case of aggression against either country. Defence Minister Khawaja Asif described the pact as formalizing a long-standing, previously transactional military relationship spanning five to six decades, including significant Pakistani military presence in Saudi Arabia. The agreement comes amid regional security concerns following Israel's attack on Qatar and recent conflicts involving Iran and Israel. While initial speculation suggested Pakistan might extend its nuclear umbrella to Saudi Arabia, the Defence Minister denied nuclear weapons were part of the pact. The agreement reflects both countries' intent to enhance collective security and defense cooperation in a volatile geopolitical environment.

Situation

The pact was negotiated over some time but was expedited following regional developments such as Israel's airstrike on Hamas leadership in Qatar and the May 2025 India-Pakistan conflict. The agreement signifies a strategic shift from informal military cooperation to a formalized defense alliance. Pakistan's Defence Minister emphasized the responsible nature of Pakistan's defense commitments, dismissing rumors about nuclear weapons transfer. The pact is seen as a response to increasing regional instability and reflects Saudi Arabia's desire for stronger security guarantees. The agreement also underscores Pakistan's balancing act between its relationships with China, the US, and regional partners.

International Impact

The pact signals a strengthening of ties between two key Muslim-majority countries, potentially altering regional security dynamics. It may influence Saudi Arabia's defense posture amid tensions with Iran and Israel and affect broader Middle Eastern alliances. Pakistan's formal commitment to Saudi defense could impact its relations with other global powers, though Defence Minister Asif reassured that Pakistan's relationship with China remains strong and unaffected. The pact may also send a message to Israel and other regional actors regarding collective security arrangements among Muslim countries.

Decision Maker Perspectives

Pakistan Defence Minister Khawaja Asif: Views the pact as formalizing a historic military relationship, denies nuclear weapons transfer, and emphasizes Pakistan's responsible defense policies.

Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman: Seeks enhanced security cooperation with Pakistan amid regional tensions and upcoming bilateral talks with PM Shehbaz.

Source Perspectives

Dawn.com: Reports on the strategic significance of the Pakistan-Saudi defense pact and clarifies nuclear weapons are not part of the agreement.

Arab and Muslim Leaders Convene Emergency Summit in Doha to Condemn Israeli Attack on Qatar and Urge Regional Action

Executive Summary

On September 15, 2025, Arab and Muslim leaders gathered in Doha, Qatar, for an emergency Arab-Islamic Summit following Israel's airstrike targeting Hamas leadership in Qatar. The summit, co-sponsored by Pakistan, brought together nearly 60 countries, including Saudi Arabia, Iran, Turkey, and Palestine, to address the attack and discuss a Gaza ceasefire proposal. The leaders issued a joint statement calling for legal and effective measures against Israel, including reviewing diplomatic and economic ties and suspending Israel's UN membership. Qatar's Emir accused Israel of attempting to derail peace talks and warned against Israeli ambitions in the Arab world. PM Shehbaz Sharif proposed forming a task force to counter Israeli expansionism and condemned the ongoing humanitarian crisis in Gaza.

Situation

The Israeli airstrike on Hamas officials in Doha on September 9, 2025, shocked the Gulf region and strained US-Gulf relations due to Qatar's close ties with the US. The summit aimed to unify Muslim countries' response to Israel's actions and to pressure Israel to cease hostilities in Gaza. The absence of some Gulf leaders who recognize Israel indicated diplomatic complexities. The summit included bilateral meetings among leaders, including PM Shehbaz's discussions with Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. The event underscored rising regional tensions and the need for coordinated Muslim responses to Israeli military actions and the Gaza humanitarian crisis.

International Impact

The summit highlighted the deep divisions in Middle Eastern geopolitics and challenged the expansion of the Abraham Accords. It pressured Israel diplomatically and called for international accountability. The event also drew attention to the fragile security situation in the Gulf and the broader Middle East. US Secretary of State Marco Rubio's visit to Qatar and statements of support for Israel contrasted with the summit's calls for action, reflecting competing international interests. The summit's outcomes may influence future peace negotiations and regional alliances.

Decision Maker Perspectives

Qatar Emir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani: Condemns Israeli attack as an attempt to sabotage peace talks and warns against Israeli regional ambitions.

Pakistan Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif: Calls for a task force to counter Israeli expansionism and expresses solidarity with Qatar and Gaza victims.

Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman: Participates in summit, supports regional security cooperation, and plans bilateral talks with Pakistan.

Source Perspectives

Dawn.com: Covers the summit's call for unified Muslim response and diplomatic measures against Israel after the Doha airstrike.

Israel Conducts Airstrikes on Hamas Leadership in Qatar, Escalating Regional Tensions

Executive Summary

On September 9, 2025, Israel launched precise airstrikes in Doha, Qatar, targeting senior Hamas leadership, including members of the ceasefire negotiating team. The strikes resulted in significant damage and casualties, with Qatar condemning the attack as a blatant violation of international law and its sovereignty. Israel claimed full responsibility, stating the operation was independent and aimed at Hamas leaders following recent attacks in Jerusalem and Gaza. The US was reportedly informed in advance and expressed regret over the attack's location but supported the goal of eliminating Hamas. The airstrikes complicated ongoing ceasefire negotiations and heightened regional instability amid the Gaza conflict.

Situation

The airstrikes occurred amid a nearly two-year-long conflict in Gaza, with Hamas and Israel engaged in intermittent ceasefire talks brokered by Qatar, Egypt, and the US. The attack targeted Hamas officials meeting in Qatar to discuss a US-proposed ceasefire, undermining diplomatic efforts. Qatar and other regional actors condemned the strike, warning of its impact on peace prospects. The US embassy in Qatar advised citizens to shelter in place. Israeli officials justified the operation as a response to recent Hamas attacks. The strikes intensified tensions in the Gulf and raised concerns about the safety of diplomatic mediators in conflict zones.

International Impact

The attack strained US-Qatar relations and raised questions about the limits of Israeli military operations in sovereign states allied with the US. It drew widespread condemnation from Arab and Muslim countries, leading to emergency summits and calls for coordinated responses against Israel. The strikes challenged the fragile ceasefire negotiations and increased international focus on the Gaza humanitarian crisis. The incident highlighted the complexities of regional diplomacy and the risks faced by mediators in volatile conflicts.

Decision Maker Perspectives

Israeli Government: Conducted independent operation targeting Hamas leadership to respond to recent attacks and weaken Hamas capabilities.

Qatar Government: Condemned the airstrike as a violation of sovereignty and international law, expressing solidarity with Hamas officials and residents.

US Government: Informed in advance of the strike, expressed regret over the location, supports eliminating Hamas, and seeks peace.

Source Perspectives

Dawn.com: Reports on the airstrike's details, regional reactions, and implications for peace negotiations.

Reuters: Provides factual coverage of the Israeli operation and international responses.

European Union Advances 'Drone Wall' Defense Initiative Amid Rising Airspace Violations

Executive Summary

On September 26, 2025, the European Union announced plans to implement the Eastern Flank Watch defense initiative, including a 'drone wall' designed to detect, track, and intercept unauthorized drones violating EU airspace. This move responds to multiple drone incursions, primarily attributed to Russia, over NATO and EU territories, causing disruptions at airports in Denmark, Norway, Poland, and Romania. The initiative involves cooperation among frontline EU countries and aims to enhance ground defenses, maritime security, and space-based situational awareness. EU Defence Commissioner Andrius Kubilius emphasized the necessity of a firm, united response to daily airspace violations to protect European security.

Situation

The EU's decision follows a series of drone sightings and incursions disrupting critical infrastructure and air traffic in Northern and Eastern Europe. NATO has scrambled fighter jets to intercept drones, highlighting the escalating security threat posed by unmanned aerial vehicles in the context of the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict. The drone wall initiative represents a shift towards proactive defense measures, balancing cost-effectiveness with technological sophistication. The EU plans to secure political support, develop technical roadmaps, mobilize defense industries, and utilize financial tools to implement the project. The initiative reflects broader concerns about hybrid warfare and the need for integrated airspace security.

International Impact

The drone wall initiative signals increased European commitment to collective defense and deterrence against Russian aggression. It may influence NATO's strategic posture and encourage further cooperation among member states. The project also underscores the evolving nature of warfare, emphasizing the importance of countering unmanned threats. The EU's approach could serve as a model for other regions facing similar security challenges. The initiative may affect EU-Russia relations and contribute to the broader geopolitical contest in Eastern Europe.

Decision Maker Perspectives

European Union Defence Commissioner Andrius Kubilius: Advocates for advanced detection and interception capabilities to counter daily drone violations and protect European airspace.

EU Frontline Countries: Collaborate on implementing Eastern Flank Watch and enhancing regional security against drone threats.

Source Perspectives

The Indian Express: Provides detailed reporting on EU defense plans and the strategic context of drone incursions in Europe.

Pakistan's Foreign Minister Ishaq Dar Discusses Palestine and UN Reforms at UNGA

Executive Summary

On September 27, 2025, Pakistan's Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Ishaq Dar met with United Nations General Assembly President Annalena Baerbock on the sidelines of the 80th UNGA session in New York. They discussed key regional and international issues, including the Palestine question and the urgent need for reforms within the United Nations, particularly the Security Council. Dar reaffirmed Pakistan's commitment to regional and global peace and stability and called for a just resolution of the Kashmir dispute in accordance with UN Security Council resolutions. Additionally, Dar held bilateral meetings with foreign ministers from Malaysia and Morocco, focusing on enhancing cooperation in trade, investment, connectivity, and regional peace.

Situation

The meeting took place shortly after Pakistan's Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif's address to the UNGA, which emphasized peace and proactive leadership in South Asia and support for Gaza. Dar's discussions with Baerbock and other foreign ministers reflect Pakistan's diplomatic efforts to strengthen multilateral ties and advocate for key issues affecting the Muslim world, including Palestine and Kashmir. The bilateral talks with Malaysia and Morocco aim to deepen economic and political cooperation. Pakistan's engagement at the UNGA highlights its focus on international diplomacy to address regional conflicts and promote reforms in global governance institutions.

International Impact

Pakistan's advocacy for Palestine and UN reforms aligns with broader calls from developing and Muslim-majority countries for more equitable international governance. The emphasis on Kashmir reiterates Pakistan's long-standing position on the dispute, potentially influencing international diplomatic discourse. Bilateral engagements with Malaysia and Morocco may enhance South-South cooperation and contribute to regional stability. The meetings underscore the importance of the UNGA as a platform for addressing global challenges and fostering international partnerships.

Decision Maker Perspectives

Pakistan Foreign Minister Ishaq Dar: Advocates for UN reforms, peaceful resolution of Kashmir, and enhanced international cooperation on trade and regional peace.

UNGA President Annalena Baerbock: Engages with member states on key regional and international issues, supporting dialogue and reform efforts.

Source Perspectives

Dawn.com: Reports on Pakistan's diplomatic activities at the UNGA and its focus on Palestine and UN reforms.